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1.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 27(1): 110-116, jan.-mar. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-638658

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There is a growing need to improve myocardial protection, which will lead to better performance of cardiac operations and reduce morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of myocardial protection solution using both intracellular and extracellular crystalloid type regarding the performance of the electrical conduction system, left ventricular contractility and edema, after being subjected to ischemic arrest and reperfusion. METHODS: Hearts isolated from male Wistar (n=32) rats were prepared using Langendorff method and randomly divided equally into four groups according the cardioprotective solutions used Krebs-Henseleit-Buffer (KHB), Bretschneider-HTK (HTK), St. Thomas-1 (STH-1) and Celsior (CEL). After stabilization with KHB at 37ºC, baseline values (control) were collected for heart rate (HR), left ventricle systolic pressure (LVSP), maximum first derivate of rise left ventricular pressure (+dP/dt), maximum first derivate of fall left ventricular pressure (-dP/dt) and coronary flow (CF). The hearts were then perfused at 10ºC for 5 min and kept for 2 h in static ischemia at 20ºC in each cardioprotective solution. Data evaluation was done using analysis of variance in completely randomized One-Way ANOVA and Tukey's test for multiple comparisons. The level of statistical significance chosen was P<0.05. RESULTS: HR was restored with all the solutions used. The evaluation of left ventricular contractility (LVSP, +dP/ dt and -dP/dt) showed that treatment with CEL solution was better compared to other solutions. When analyzing the CF, the HTK solution showed better protection against edema. CONCLUSION: Despite the cardioprotective crystalloid solutions studied are not fully able to suppress the deleterious effects of ischemia and reperfusion in the rat heart, the CEL solution had significantly higher results followed by HTK>KHB>STH-1.


INTRODUÇÃO: Existe crescente necessidade de aprimorar a proteção miocárdica, para melhor desempenho das operações cardíacas e diminuição da morbimortalidade. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a eficácia da proteção miocárdica usando tanto solução cristaloide tipo intracelular como extracelular quanto ao desempenho do sistema de condução elétrica, contratilidade do ventrículo esquerdo e edema, após parada isquêmica e posterior reperfusão. MÉTODOS: Corações isolados de ratos Wistar foram montados em Langendorff e aleatoriamente divididos em quatro grupos. de acordo com as soluções cardioprotetoras utilizadas Krebs-Henseleit-Buffer (KHB), Bretschneider-HTK (HTK), St. Thomas-1(STH-1) e Celsior (CEL). Após a estabilização com KHB a 37ºC, valores basais (controle) foram coletados para frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo (PSVE), derivada máxima de aumento da pressão ventricular esquerda (+dP/dt), derivada máxima de queda da pressão ventricular esquerda (-dP/dt) e fluxo coronariano (FCo). Os corações foram então perfundidos a 10ºC por 5 min e mantidos por 2 h em isquemia estática a 20ºC em cada solução cardioprotetora. Avaliação dos dados foi por análise de variância inteiramente casualizados em One-Way ANOVA e teste de Tukey para comparações múltiplas. O nível de significância estatística escolhido foi P<0,05. RESULTADOS: Houve recuperação da FC com todas as soluções utilizadas. A avaliação da contratilidade ventricular esquerda (PSVE, +dP/dt e -dP/dt) demonstrou que o tratamento com a solução CEL foi melhor em comparação às outras soluções. Ao analisar o CF, a solução HTK indicou melhor proteção contra edema. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar das soluções cristaloides cardioprotetoras estudadas não serem capazes de suprimir os efeitos deletérios da isquemia e reperfusão no coração de ratos, a solução CEL apresentou resultado superior seguido por HTK>KHB>STH-1.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Cardioplegic Solutions/pharmacology , Edema, Cardiac/pathology , Heart Transplantation , Heart Conduction System/drug effects , Isotonic Solutions/pharmacology , Myocardial Contraction/drug effects , Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects , Analysis of Variance , Bicarbonates/pharmacology , Calcium Chloride/pharmacology , Disaccharides/pharmacology , Electrolytes/pharmacology , Glucose/pharmacology , Glutamates/pharmacology , Glutathione/pharmacology , Heart Arrest, Induced/methods , Hemodynamics/drug effects , Histidine/pharmacology , Models, Animal , Magnesium/pharmacology , Mannitol/pharmacology , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Organ Preservation/methods , Potassium Chloride/pharmacology , Procaine/pharmacology , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Sodium Chloride/pharmacology , Tromethamine/pharmacology
2.
Acta cir. bras ; 26(5): 396-403, Sept.-Oct. 2011. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-599643

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) associate with different preservation solutions, in the protecting of gut. METHODS: Four groups of 14 rats underwent laparotomy and collecting 20 cm of ileum, for preservation, at 4ºC, in Belzer (Belz), Ringer (RL), Celsior (Cs) and Custodiol (Cust) solutions, for 24 hours. Prior to collection, half of the animals in each group were subjected to IPC. During preservation, in the periods of zero, 12, 18 and 24 hours, were conducted evaluating the degree of mucosal injury and dosage of malondialdehyde acid (MDA). RESULTS: In all periods the RL group, with and without IPC, presented MDA values higher than the Belz and Cs. The degree of mucosal injury in the non-ipc RLgroup with 12h preservation was higher than the others; with 18 and 24h, the RL and Cust had higher degrees of damage than Cs and Belz. With IPC, in all periods, the group Cs and Belz had lower degrees of injury. CONCLUSION: The Celsior and Belzer solutions had better protective effects on the gut and these effects were enhanced by IPC.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do precondicionamento isquêmico (PCI) associado a diferentes soluções de preservação, na proteção do intestino delgado. MÉTODOS: Quatro grupos de 14 ratos Wistar, foram submetidos à laparotomia e coleta de 20 cm de íleo, para preservação, a 4ºC, nas soluções de Belzer (Belz), Ringer (RL), Celsior (Cs) e Custodiol (Cust) por 24 horas. Previamente à coleta, em metade dos animais de cada grupo, o intestino foi submetido ao PCI. Durante a preservação, nos períodos de Zero, 12, 18 e 24 horas, foram realizados avaliação do grau de lesão da mucosa e dosagem do ácido malondialdeído (MDA). RESULTADOS: Em todos os períodos o grupo RL, sem e com pci, apresentou valores maiores de MDA do que o Belz e Cs. O grau de lesão da mucosa nos grupos sem pci com preservação de 12h, no grupo RL, foi maior que nos demais; com 18h e 24h o grupo RL e Cust apresentaram maiores graus de lesão do que Cs e Belz. Com o pci, em todos os períodos, os grupos Belz e Cs apresentaram menores graus de lesão CONCLUSÃO: As Soluções Celsior e Belzer tiveram melhores efeitos na proteção do intestino e estes efeitos foram incrementados pelo precondicionamento isquêmico.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Intestinal Mucosa , Ischemic Preconditioning , Intestine, Small/blood supply , Organ Preservation Solutions/pharmacology , Organ Preservation/methods , Adenosine/pharmacology , Allopurinol/pharmacology , Disaccharides/pharmacology , Electrolytes/pharmacology , Glucose/pharmacology , Glutamates/pharmacology , Glutathione/pharmacology , Histidine/pharmacology , Insulin/pharmacology , Isotonic Solutions/pharmacology , Malondialdehyde/analysis , Mannitol/pharmacology , Potassium Chloride/pharmacology , Procaine/pharmacology , Rats, Wistar , Raffinose/pharmacology , Time Factors
3.
Rev. chil. cir ; 62(5): 532-539, oct. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-577295

ABSTRACT

Hextend® is a preparation of hetilstarch in a balanced electrolyte solution that contains 143 mEq/L of sodium, 124mEq/L of chloride, 5 mEq/L of calcium 3 mEq/L of potassium 0.9 mEq/L of magnesium, 0.99 g/L of glucose and 24 mEq/L of lactate. It has a volume of distribution similar to blood volume which enables it to stay in the intravascular compartment until it is renally cleared or absorbed by the reticuloendothelial system. It shows a bimodal pattern of clearance with a half life during the first 8 hrs of its infusion of 4.2 hrs and during the 7 days following of 38.2 hrs. Hextend® is currently one of the preferred resuscitation solutions in the hypovolemic patient showing a better profile of effects over hemostasis and acid base status and conferring a better survival over similar patients resuscitated with crystalloids or other synthetic colloids. Hextend® provides an adequate fluid that is effective in the resuscitation of the trauma patient in hypovolemic hemorrhagic shock and promises to become the fluid of choice in the routine management of these patients. There is a need of more randomized prospective studies in the field of trauma using Hextend ® and its combination with the inflammatory cascade modifiers such as ethyl pyruvate among others.


Hextend® es una combinación de hetilalmidón balanceada en una solución de electrolitos que contiene 143 mEq/L de sodio, 124 mEq/L de cloro, 5 mEq/L de calcio, 3 mEq/L de potasio, 0,9 mEq/L de magnesio, 0,99 g/L de glucosa y 24 mEq/L de lactato. Posee un volumen de distribución equivalente al volumen sanguíneo manteniéndose en el compartimento vascular hasta ser excretado vía renal o absorbido por el sistema retículo-endotelial. Estas características le confieren un patrón farmacocinético bimodal con una vida media de 4,2 horas durante las primeras 8 hrs de infusión y de 38,2 h durante los primeros 7 días. Hextend® es actualmente una de las soluciones de reanimación con mejor perfil de efectos sobre la hemostasia y el equilibrio ácido base del paciente en choque hipovolémico y confiere un aumento de la sobrevida, comparado con controles resucitados con cristaloides u otros coloides sintéticos. Esta combinación de hetilalmidón en una solución amortiguadora electrolítica posee mínimos efectos sobre la función hemostática y plaquetaria por lo que actualmente es preferido frente a soluciones cristaloides y otros coloides utilizados en el pasado en la reanimación de pacientes politraumatizados en estado de choque hipovolémico hemorrágico. A su vez, promete transformarse en el fluido de elección en el manejo rutinario de estos pacientes. En relación al uso de este producto es imperativo realizar un mayor número de estudios prospectivos randomizados. La literatura internacional augura un esplendoroso futuro al uso de Hextend®, como también a su posible combinación con modificadores de la cascada inflamatoria, entre otros con el etil piruvato.


Subject(s)
Humans , Electrolytes/administration & dosage , Hemostasis , Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives/administration & dosage , Shock/drug therapy , Plasma Substitutes/administration & dosage , Electrolytes/pharmacology , Electrolytes/chemistry , Acid-Base Equilibrium , Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives/pharmacology , Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives/chemistry , Blood Platelets , Resuscitation , Plasma Substitutes/pharmacology , Plasma Substitutes/chemistry
4.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 150-152, 2005.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-163759

ABSTRACT

We treated a 49-yr-old man with neostigmine, who had liver cirrhosis, acute hepatic encephalopathy, and acute intestinal pseudoobstruction. He was admitted in a state of hepatic confusion. On physical examination, the abdomen was distended; and bowel sound was absent. Plain abdomen film revealed multiple airfluid levels and distention of bowel loops. Initially, we gave him lactulose enemas every 6 hr for one day without improvement in his mental state. Furthermore, he became to a state of coma. Therefore, we gave him 0.5 mg of neostigmine subcutaneously to improve his peristaltic movement, and 2 L of polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution through a nasogastric tube for 4 hr to reduce the production and absorption of gutderived toxins of nitrogenous compounds. After these treatments, the venous ammonia level decreased to the normal range within 12 hr, and the coma disappeared after 2 days. We suggest that neostigmine may be one of the most effective treatments to initiate peristaltic movement and bowel cleansing in cirrhotic patients with acute hepatic encephalopathy and acute intestinal pseudoobstruction.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Air , Ammonia/metabolism , Blood Pressure , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Electrolytes/pharmacology , Enema , Fibrosis/drug therapy , Hepatic Encephalopathy/diagnosis , Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction/diagnosis , Lactulose/pharmacology , Liver/metabolism , Neostigmine/pharmacology , Peristalsis , Polyethylene Glycols/pharmacology , Time Factors
5.
Carta med. A.I.S. Boliv ; 9(1): 17-9, 1995. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-230541

ABSTRACT

La intoxicacion digitalica es una complicacion frecuente en los pacientes que cumplen tratamiento con estos medicamentos. En el presente estudio evaluamos el valor que para el diagnostico de la intoxicacion digitalica tienen la dosificacion de electolitos en la saliva. Se crearon 3 grupos de estudio cada uno con 20 pacientes. EL GRUPO I integrado por pacientes que no cumplen tratamiento con digitaL, GRUPO II pacientes que cumplen tratamiento con digital y no sufrieron intoxicacion digitalica y GRUPO III la dosificacion se realizo de forma seriada en relacion con la mejoria clinica del paciente. Para el GRUPO I las cifras promedio encontradas fueron K=15.8 Meq/1 Na=29.8 Meq/1 Ca=3,4 Meq/1 (Alfa=0,05). Para el GRUPO II los promedios encontrados fueron K=26.9 Meq/1 Ca=21.25 Meq/l (alfa=0.05) y en el GRUPO III se encontro K=40.2 Meq/l Na-35.3 Meq/l Ca=21.25 Meq/l (alfa=0.05). Los resultados correspondientes a la dosificacion del K y el Ca fueron significativos signifcativos (P<0.001). Se concluyo en que existe un aumento notable en la concentracion de K y Ca en la saliva de los pacientes intoxicados por digital, siendo util dosificarlos para su siagnostico y como indice de la respuesta al tratamiento y de la evolucion de los pacientes


Subject(s)
Electrolytes/pharmacology , Digitalis Glycosides/pharmacology , Saliva/drug effects , Bolivia , Poisoning
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